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Hosting models in ASP.NET Core

In ASP.NET Core, there are three main hosting models that dictate how the application is hosted and how requests are handled. These hosting models are:

  1. Kestrel:
    Kestrel is a cross-platform, lightweight, and high-performance web server built specifically for ASP.NET Core. It is the default web server used when you create a new ASP.NET Core application. Kestrel is designed to be a development server and is well-suited for hosting applications behind a reverse proxy like Nginx, IIS, or Apache.

    Advantages of Kestrel:
    1. Cross-platform support, allowing your application to run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
    2. Asynchronous and non-blocking architecture, which makes it scalable and capable of handling many concurrent connections efficiently.
    3. Suitable for hosting standalone ASP.NET Core applications or used in combination with a reverse proxy server for load balancing and security.
  2. IIS (Internet Information Services) Integration:
    ASP.NET Core applications can be hosted within the Internet Information Services (IIS) web server on Windows machines. This hosting model allows you to leverage the features and capabilities of IIS, such as Windows authentication, URL rewriting, and SSL termination.

    To use IIS integration, you need to install the ASP.NET Core hosting bundle on the target Windows server. This bundle includes the .NET Core Runtime, .NET Core Library, and the ASP.NET Core Module, which is required to host ASP.NET Core applications in IIS.

    Advantages of IIS Integration:
    1. Integration with IIS allows you to take advantage of its features, such as load balancing, application pools, and process management.
    2. Simplified management and configuration using the familiar IIS management tools.
    3. Support for Windows authentication and other IIS modules.
  3. HTTP.sys (Windows-only):
    HTTP.sys is a Windows-specific kernel-mode driver that provides low-level HTTP server functionality. In this hosting setup, ASP.NET Core apps operate as a part of the IIS worker process (w3wp.exe).

    When hosting an application with HTTP.sys, the application communicates directly with the HTTP.sys driver, which handles HTTP requests and responses. This model is similar to traditional ASP.NET applications using System.Web, but it benefits from the performance improvements of ASP.NET Core.

    Advantages of HTTP.sys Hosting:
    1. Improved performance over traditional System.Web-based applications, especially when handling static files.
    2. Utilizes Windows kernel-level features like request queuing, caching, and SSL offloading provided by HTTP.sys.
    3. Supports Windows authentication and other IIS features.

It's important to choose the appropriate hosting model based on your application's requirements and deployment scenario. Kestrel is recommended as the default web server for most scenarios due to its cross-platform support and lightweight design. However, you may consider IIS or HTTP.sys integration when specific IIS features or Windows-specific functionalities are required for your application.

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