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How do you call the multiple constructors of a class with single object creation?What is constructor chaining in C#?Can a constructor be called directly from a method?What is constructor overloading and how it’s different than method overloading?What is the difference between constructor overloading and method overloading?Is it possible to overload copy constructor in C#?Can we overload static constructors in C#?Can we overload private constructors in C#?Can we give return type of the constructor in C#?What is the destructor and when it’s called?Is it possible to call constructor and destructor explicitly?What is the Structure and why we need it although we have a class?What are the similarities between Class and Structure?What is the difference between Class and Structure?What is copy structure?What is nested structure?Is it always necessary to create an object of the class?How many different ways to create an object of the class?What are the pros and cons of creating object by new() keyword?What are the pros and cons of delegate object creation to DI container?What are the pros and cons of creating an object by reflection?What are the pros and cons of getting an object from an object pool?What are the pros and cons of creating an object by deserialization?Is it possible to create an object without a class in C#?What is constant?What is static modifier? What are the Static fields and methodsWhat is Static ReadOnly?What are the limitations of static?What is readonly? What’s the difference between constant and read-only?What is this keyword?What is base keyword?What is the difference between this and base keyword?Can “this” keyword be used within static method?What are the accessors?What is the static class? Why we need of static class?If someone wants to create static class then what are the rules for the static class?What are the limitations of using static keyword?What are finalizers in c#?How to create N number of instances of C# class?What are the Nested Classes and why we use them?What are the basic four pillars of OOP?What is the Inheritance and why we need of inheritance?How do you inherit a class into other class in C#?What is the concept of base and derive class?What are the different types of inheritance?We have two classes’ base class and child class. A is the base class and B is the child class, If we create an instance of child class then which class’s constructor called first?Does a derived class can inherit the constructors of its base class?What should we do that if we create an object of child class then the parameterized constructor of base class must be invoked?As we know that base constructor invoked first when we create instance of child class but if we create an instance of child class by parameterized constructor and base class has both default and parameterized constructor then which constructor of the base will be invoked?Can you assign an object of derived class to the variable of base class and if both have the same method name then which will be invoked?Can we create instance of base class and store it to derive class?Can we create derive class object inside base class, and if create instance of child class then what will happen?Can we inherit child class from 2 base classes? if yes then how? If not then why?Does C# support Multiple Inheritance?Why multiple inheritance is not supported in C# and why it’s supported in C++?How is multiple inheritance achieved in C#?What are Access Modifiers? Explain private, public, protected, internal, protected internal access modifiersWhat are the default access modifiers of the class?Why classes cannot be declared as protected?Can we declare private class in namespace?What are the valid access specifier used for the declaration of class at namespace level? If we inherit a class, do the private variables also get inherited?Can you prevent your class from being inherited?Can you prevent your class from being inherited without using sealed keyword?What is abstraction?What is encapsulation?What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?What is polymorphism?What is static or compile time polymorphism?What is runtime polymorphism or late binding or dynamic binding?What is method overloading?When and why we should use overload methods?What is inheritance based overloading?What are the advantages of using overloading?Can we overload the method in the same class?What is the execution control flow in overloaded methods?What is method overriding?What s virtual keyword?What are the key points to make the method as overridden?When it is must to override the method?When a derived class can overrides the base class member?Can we declare fields inside the class as virtual?When we treat sub-class method as an overriding method?Can we override private virtual method in c#?Can we override method in the same class?Can we execute parent class method if it is overridden in the child class?If we have virtual in base class and the same method is overridden in child class, by creating instance of child class and assign it to base class, then which of the method will be invoked first.What is the difference between method overloading and method overriding?What is method hiding?Can you access a hidden method in the derived which is declared in the base class?What is the difference between method overriding and method hiding?You have a component with 2 parameters and deployed to client side, now you have changed your method with 3 parameters, how can you deploy this without affecting the client code?What is operator overloading?What is abstract class and why we need of it?What are the rules of abstract classes?What is an abstract method?What is concrete method?When do you use abstract class in C#?When to use the abstract method in C#?
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Can we declare 'private' class in namespace?

In C#, you cannot declare a top-level class as 'private'. The 'private' access modifier is not allowed for top-level classes. The purpose of the 'private' access modifier is to restrict the visibility of class members within a containing class, not to control the visibility of the class itself.

The valid access modifiers for top-level classes are 'public', 'internal', and 'internal protected'.

  1. public: The class is accessible from anywhere, including outside its assembly.
  2. internal: The class is accessible within the same assembly (the compiled unit of code, like a DLL or EXE) but not from outside.
  3. internal protected: The class is accessible within the same assembly and by derived classes in any assembly.

The purpose of declaring a class with different access modifiers is to control who can access and use the class. Here are some reasons why you might choose certain access modifiers for your classes:

  • public class: Use when you want the class to be accessible from anywhere, even outside the assembly. This is suitable for classes that provide a public interface for other parts of the codebase or for use by external projects.
  • internal class: Use when the class is intended to be used only within the same assembly. This promotes encapsulation and restricts the use of the class to within the boundaries of your project.
  • internal protected class: Use when you want to create a class that can be accessed within the same assembly and by derived classes in any assembly. This is useful when you want to provide a base class with limited accessibility to derived classes.

Remember that access modifiers help you enforce encapsulation, manage visibility, and control how your code components interact with each other.

Only netsted classes are allowed to be declared as 'private':

You can declare a nested class as 'private' in C#. A nested class with the 'private' access modifier is accessible only within the containing class. It cannot be accessed from outside the containing class, even by other classes in the same assembly. This level of access control is useful for encapsulating implementation details and ensuring that the nested class is only used within the context of the containing class.

The purpose of declaring a nested class as 'private' is to limit its visibility and scope to the containing class, thereby achieving stronger encapsulation and information hiding. Some reasons for declaring a nested class as 'private' include:

  1. Encapsulation: By making a nested class 'private', you hide the implementation details of that class from the outside world. This promotes a clearer separation between the public interface of the containing class and the implementation details hidden within the nested class.
  2. Organization: If a class is tightly related to another class and is only needed within the context of that class, you can declare it as a nested 'private' class. This keeps the class definitions logically grouped together and reduces clutter in the outer namespace.
  3. Limiting Access: Declaring a nested class as 'private' ensures that it cannot be accessed or used directly by other parts of the codebase, preventing potential misuse or incorrect usage of the class.

Here's an example of a nested class declared as 'private': 


public class OuterClass
{
    private class PrivateNestedClass
    {
        public void SomePrivateMethod()
        {
            // Implementation details
        }
    }

    public void OuterMethod()
    {
        PrivateNestedClass nestedInstance = new PrivateNestedClass();
        nestedInstance.SomePrivateMethod(); // Accessible within the containing class
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        OuterClass outerInstance = new OuterClass();
        // PrivateNestedClass nestedInstance = new outerInstance.PrivateNestedClass(); // This will result in a compile-time error
        // outerInstance.SomePrivateMethod(); // This will result in a compile-time error
    }
}

In this example, the 'PrivateNestedClass' is only accessible within the 'OuterClass', demonstrating how the private access modifier provides encapsulation for the nested class.

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