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What are Stored Procedures?

In SQL Server, a stored procedure is a named set of SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be executed repeatedly. Stored procedures in SQL Server are written using the Transact-SQL (T-SQL) language, which is a procedural language extension to SQL.

Here's an example to illustrate how stored procedures work in SQL Server:

Let's say we have a database table called "Employees" with columns such as "EmployeeID," "FirstName," "LastName," and "Salary." We want to create a stored procedure that retrieves the details of an employee based on their ID.

Creating the stored procedure:


CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails
    @EmployeeID INT
AS
BEGIN
    SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary
    FROM Employees
    WHERE EmployeeID = @EmployeeID
END

In this example, we're creating a stored procedure named "GetEmployeeDetails" that takes a single parameter, @EmployeeID, of type INT.

Executing the stored procedure:

Once the stored procedure is created, we can execute it using the EXEC statement.


EXEC GetEmployeeDetails @EmployeeID = 123

In this case, we're passing the value 123 as the @EmployeeID parameter to the stored procedure.

The stored procedure will execute the SQL statement inside it and return the result set. In this case, it will fetch the details of the employee with the specified ID from the "Employees" table.

Stored procedures can have multiple input parameters, output parameters, and even return result sets. They can also include control flow statements like conditionals (IF statements) and looping constructs (WHILE or CURSOR).

Benefits of using stored procedures in SQL Server include improved performance, code reusability, security, and encapsulation of business logic within the database.

Note: The above example demonstrates a basic usage of stored procedures in SQL Server. In practice, stored procedures can be much more complex and involve multiple SQL statements or even incorporate business logic beyond simple database queries.

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