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String Data Types in SQL server

In SQL Server, there are several string data types that you can use to store character data. Here are the commonly used string data types in SQL Server:

  1. CHAR(n):
    Fixed-length character data type. It stores a fixed-length string of characters up to a maximum length of 'n'. For example, CHAR(10) can store a string of 10 characters, padding the remaining spaces if the string is shorter.
  2. VARCHAR(n):
    Variable-length character data type. It stores a variable-length string of characters up to a maximum length of 'n'. The storage size is the actual length of the data entered, plus 2 bytes to store the length information.
  3. VARCHAR(MAX):
    Variable-length character data type with a maximum length of 2^31-1 (2,147,483,647) characters. It is used when you need to store large amounts of character data.
  4. NCHAR(n):
    Fixed-length Unicode character data type. It stores a fixed-length string of Unicode characters up to a maximum length of 'n'. Each character takes 2 bytes of storage.
  5. NVARCHAR(n):
    Variable-length Unicode character data type. It stores a variable-length string of Unicode characters up to a maximum length of 'n'. The storage size is twice the actual length of the data entered, plus 2 bytes to store the length information.
  6. NVARCHAR(MAX):
    Variable-length Unicode character data type with a maximum length of 2^30-1 (1,073,741,823) characters. It is used to store large amounts of Unicode character data.

It's worth noting that the 'n' in these data types represents the maximum length of the string that can be stored. You can replace 'n' with the desired length when creating columns of these data types.

Additionally, SQL Server also provides other string-related data types such as TEXT, NTEXT, and XML for handling larger or specialized types of character data. However, the usage of these data types is less common compared to the ones mentioned above.

Remember to choose the appropriate string data type based on the expected length and character set (Unicode or non-Unicode) of the data you need to store in your SQL Server database.

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