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C if-else-if

In C, the if-else-if statement is used to handle multiple conditions sequentially. It allows you to test multiple conditions one after the other until a true condition is found or until all conditions are tested. Once a true condition is encountered, the corresponding block of code associated with that condition is executed, and the program exits the entire if-else-if structure. If none of the conditions is true, the code in the else block (if provided) is executed.

Here's the general syntax of the if-else-if statement in C: 


if (condition1) {
    // Code to execute if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // Code to execute if condition2 is true
} else if (condition3) {
    // Code to execute if condition3 is true
} else {
    // Code to execute if none of the conditions is true
}

Here's an example of using if-else-if to determine the day of the week based on a numeric input: 


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int day;

    printf("Enter a number (1-7): ");
    scanf("%d", &day);

    if (day == 1) {
        printf("Sunday\n");
    } else if (day == 2) {
        printf("Monday\n");
    } else if (day == 3) {
        printf("Tuesday\n");
    } else if (day == 4) {
        printf("Wednesday\n");
    } else if (day == 5) {
        printf("Thursday\n");
    } else if (day == 6) {
        printf("Friday\n");
    } else if (day == 7) {
        printf("Saturday\n");
    } else {
        printf("Invalid input\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

In this example:

  1. The program asks the user to input a number (1-7).
  2. It uses the if-else-if structure to sequentially check which day corresponds to the input number. When it finds a match, it prints the corresponding day name.
  3. If the input number does not match any of the conditions, the else block prints "Invalid input."

In this example, if the user entered the number 3, and the program correctly determined that it corresponds to "Tuesday" and displayed "Tuesday" as the output. 


Enter a number (1-7): 3
Tuesday

The if-else-if structure allows you to handle multiple mutually exclusive conditions in a structured and efficient manner. It's particularly useful when you need to select one action out of several based on the outcome of multiple tests.

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