What are Programming Languages?Types of softwaresC IntroductionC HistoryC FeaturesC ApplicationsCharacter set, ASCII TableC Programming Language Standard
Turbo C++ editor installationExploring the Turbo C++ EnvironmentC Hellow world programHow a C Program ExecuteCompilation process in C
C #include statementC Displaying OutputC Reading input from the terminalC Data typesC VariablesC Variable Naming ConventionsC ConstantsC Identifiers & Naming RulesC LiteralsC CommentsC KeywordsC Type QualifiersC TokensC Format SpecifiersC Escape SequencesC preprocessorASCII value in CStatic in CWhat are Compiler ErrorsWhat are Compiler WarningsWhat are Linker ErrorsWhat are Runtime ErrorsWhat are Logical ErrorsCompile time vs RuntimeC program to displays your name  C - Basics Practice Test.1  C - Basics Practice Test.2  C - Basics Practice Test.3  C - Basics Practice Test.4  C - Basics Practice Test.5
C Arithmetic OperatorsC Assignment OperatorsC Relational OperatorsC Logical OperatorsC Increment & Decrement OperatorsC Conditional or Ternary OperatorC Bitwise OperatorsC Type CastingC Sizeof OperatorC Comma OperatorC Operators Precedence and AssociativityC ExpressionsC Evaluation of Expressions  C - Operators Practice Test.1  C - Operators Practice Test.2  C - Operators Practice Test.3
Input-Output Library FunctionsNon-Formatted Input and OutputCharacter Oriented Library FunctionsFormatted Library FunctionsMathematical Library Functions  C - Input-Output Functions Practice Test.1
C ifC if-elseC nested if-elseC if-else-ifC switch-caseC if vs switch-caseC LoopsC while loopC do-while loopC while vs do-whileC for loopC for vs WhileC Nested LoopsC Jump Control structuresC break statementC continue statementC goto statementC continue vs goto statementC return statementC goto vs return statement  C - Control Statements Practice Test.1  C - Control Statements Practice Test.2  C - Control Statements Practice Test.3
C FunctionsC Advantages of Using FunctionsC Function PrototypeC Basic Function DesignsC Programs Using FunctionsC ScopeC Local Variable and Global VariableWhy int main() return 03 Place to declare functionsC RecursionC Base Condition in RecursionC Iteration vs RecursionC Stack Overflow Error in RecursionC Nested functionsC Variable Length Number of ArgumentsC Parameter Passing – Call by value and Call by RefC Passing Strings to FunctionsImplementation of square() functionImplementation of factorial() functionImplementation of pow(x, n) functionImplementation of reverse(int) functionImplementation of countDigits(int) functionImplementation of palindrome(int) functionImplementation of primeNumber(int) function  C - Functions Practice Test.1  C - Functions Practice Test.2
What is Array?One dimensional ArrayAccessing element of 1D arrayReading and displaying elementsPrograms on 1D ArraysTwo Dimensional ArrayAccessing Element of 2D ArrayReading and Displaying ElementsPrograms on 2D ArraysPassing 1D arrays to FunctionsPassing 2D arrays to FunctionsThree Dimensional Array  C - Array Practice Test.1  C - Array Practice Test.2
Strings in CStoring StringsC The String DelimiterC String Literals (String Constants)C Strings vs. CharactersC Declaring and Initialization of StringsC Strings and the Assignment OperatorC String Input Functions / Reading StringsC String Output Functions / Writing StringsC fscanf() and fprintf() FunctionsC Single Character Library FunctionsC String Manipulation Library FunctionsC Programs Using Character ArraysC Array of StringsC Programs Using Array of Strings  C - Strings Practice Test.1  C - Strings Practice Test.2
Pointers in CUnderstanding Memory AddressesDeclare and Initialize Pointer VariablePointer Operators in Csizeof() Operator in CPointer Advantages and DisadvantagesDereferencing/Redirecting Pointer VariablesPointer Declaration versus RedirectionConst Pointer in CVoid Pointer in CNull Pointer in CC Pointer CompatibilityArray of PointersPointer to PointerPointer ArithmeticC Functions Returning PointersC Pointer to FunctionPointers and One-Dimensional ArrayPointers and Two-Dimensional ArrayPointers and StringsDynamic Memory Allocation Functions  C - Pointers Practice Test.1  C - Pointers Practice Test.2  C - Pointers Practice Test.3
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How a C Program Execute?

The execution of a C program involves several steps, from writing the source code to producing a final result. Here's an overview of how a C program is executed:

  1. Writing the Source Code: The first step is writing the C program's source code using a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE). The source code is a human-readable text file that contains instructions for the computer.
  2. Compiling: Once the source code is written, it needs to be converted into machine code, which is a language that the computer can understand and execute directly. This process is called compilation. Here's what happens during compilation:
    • Preprocessing: The preprocessor (part of the compiler) performs tasks like including header files, handling macros, and removing comments. It produces a modified source code file.
    • Compilation: The modified source code is translated into assembly code, which is a low-level representation of the program. This assembly code is specific to the target architecture (e.g., x86, ARM).
    • Assembly: The assembly code is further translated into machine code, which consists of binary instructions that the computer's CPU can execute.
  3. Linking: If your program consists of multiple source files or depends on external libraries, the linker combines all the necessary machine code files into a single executable file. It resolves symbols (e.g., function calls) to the correct memory addresses in the final program.
  4. Loading: The operating system loads the executable file into memory when you run the program. It allocates memory for variables, sets up necessary data structures, and prepares the program for execution.
  5. Execution: The program's instructions are executed by the computer's CPU in a sequential manner, starting from the main function. During execution, the program performs various operations, reads input, processes data, and generates output based on the logic defined in the source code.
  6. Termination: The program continues to execute until it reaches the end of the main function or encounters a return statement. At this point, the program terminates, and any allocated resources (memory, files, etc.) are released.
  7. Output: During execution, the program may produce output, which can be displayed on the screen, written to files, or sent to other devices. Output is generated using functions like printf or by writing to standard output.
  8. Error Handling: If the program encounters errors during execution (e.g., runtime errors like division by zero), it may terminate abnormally and display error messages. Proper error handling can help make programs more robust.
  9. Cleanup: After execution, any resources acquired by the program (memory, files, etc.) should be properly released to prevent memory leaks and ensure system stability.
  10. Result: The program's final result or output is typically visible to the user. This could be a calculation result, a message, or any action the program was designed to perform.

That's a high-level overview of how a C program is executed. It involves the steps of compilation, linking, loading, execution, and termination, ultimately producing the desired result based on the program's logic.

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