What are Programming Languages?Types of softwaresC IntroductionC HistoryC FeaturesC ApplicationsCharacter set, ASCII TableC Programming Language Standard
Turbo C++ editor installationExploring the Turbo C++ EnvironmentC Hellow world programHow a C Program ExecuteCompilation process in C
C #include statementC Displaying OutputC Reading input from the terminalC Data typesC VariablesC Variable Naming ConventionsC ConstantsC Identifiers & Naming RulesC LiteralsC CommentsC KeywordsC Type QualifiersC TokensC Format SpecifiersC Escape SequencesC preprocessorASCII value in CStatic in CWhat are Compiler ErrorsWhat are Compiler WarningsWhat are Linker ErrorsWhat are Runtime ErrorsWhat are Logical ErrorsCompile time vs RuntimeC program to displays your name  C - Basics Practice Test.1  C - Basics Practice Test.2  C - Basics Practice Test.3  C - Basics Practice Test.4  C - Basics Practice Test.5
C Arithmetic OperatorsC Assignment OperatorsC Relational OperatorsC Logical OperatorsC Increment & Decrement OperatorsC Conditional or Ternary OperatorC Bitwise OperatorsC Type CastingC Sizeof OperatorC Comma OperatorC Operators Precedence and AssociativityC ExpressionsC Evaluation of Expressions  C - Operators Practice Test.1  C - Operators Practice Test.2  C - Operators Practice Test.3
Input-Output Library FunctionsNon-Formatted Input and OutputCharacter Oriented Library FunctionsFormatted Library FunctionsMathematical Library Functions  C - Input-Output Functions Practice Test.1
C ifC if-elseC nested if-elseC if-else-ifC switch-caseC if vs switch-caseC LoopsC while loopC do-while loopC while vs do-whileC for loopC for vs WhileC Nested LoopsC Jump Control structuresC break statementC continue statementC goto statementC continue vs goto statementC return statementC goto vs return statement  C - Control Statements Practice Test.1  C - Control Statements Practice Test.2  C - Control Statements Practice Test.3
C FunctionsC Advantages of Using FunctionsC Function PrototypeC Basic Function DesignsC Programs Using FunctionsC ScopeC Local Variable and Global VariableWhy int main() return 03 Place to declare functionsC RecursionC Base Condition in RecursionC Iteration vs RecursionC Stack Overflow Error in RecursionC Nested functionsC Variable Length Number of ArgumentsC Parameter Passing – Call by value and Call by RefC Passing Strings to FunctionsImplementation of square() functionImplementation of factorial() functionImplementation of pow(x, n) functionImplementation of reverse(int) functionImplementation of countDigits(int) functionImplementation of palindrome(int) functionImplementation of primeNumber(int) function  C - Functions Practice Test.1  C - Functions Practice Test.2
What is Array?One dimensional ArrayAccessing element of 1D arrayReading and displaying elementsPrograms on 1D ArraysTwo Dimensional ArrayAccessing Element of 2D ArrayReading and Displaying ElementsPrograms on 2D ArraysPassing 1D arrays to FunctionsPassing 2D arrays to FunctionsThree Dimensional Array  C - Array Practice Test.1  C - Array Practice Test.2
Strings in CStoring StringsC The String DelimiterC String Literals (String Constants)C Strings vs. CharactersC Declaring and Initialization of StringsC Strings and the Assignment OperatorC String Input Functions / Reading StringsC String Output Functions / Writing StringsC fscanf() and fprintf() FunctionsC Single Character Library FunctionsC String Manipulation Library FunctionsC Programs Using Character ArraysC Array of StringsC Programs Using Array of Strings  C - Strings Practice Test.1  C - Strings Practice Test.2
Pointers in CUnderstanding Memory AddressesDeclare and Initialize Pointer VariablePointer Operators in Csizeof() Operator in CPointer Advantages and DisadvantagesDereferencing/Redirecting Pointer VariablesPointer Declaration versus RedirectionConst Pointer in CVoid Pointer in CNull Pointer in CC Pointer CompatibilityArray of PointersPointer to PointerPointer ArithmeticC Functions Returning PointersC Pointer to FunctionPointers and One-Dimensional ArrayPointers and Two-Dimensional ArrayPointers and StringsDynamic Memory Allocation Functions  C - Pointers Practice Test.1  C - Pointers Practice Test.2  C - Pointers Practice Test.3
Previous
Next

Understanding Memory Addresses

Understanding memory addresses is a fundamental concept when working with pointers and memory management in programming, particularly in languages like C and C++. Here's an explanation of memory addresses:

  1. Memory as a Sequence of Bytes: In computer systems, memory is typically organized as a sequence of bytes. Each byte has a unique address or location within the memory.
  2. Memory Address Representation: Memory addresses are typically represented as hexadecimal numbers. For example, an address might look like 0x7FFDFB08.
  3. Every Variable Has an Address: In a programming language like C, every variable, whether it's an integer, character, array, or a user-defined type, is stored in memory, and it has a specific memory address.
  4. Pointers Store Addresses: Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. When you declare a pointer, it's essentially a variable that holds the address of another variable. For example, if you have an integer variable x, you can declare a pointer to it and store x's address in the pointer:
    5. int x = 42;
int* ptr = &x; // ptr now stores the address of x
  5. Accessing Data via Pointers: You can use pointers to access the data stored at a specific memory address. This is done through dereferencing the pointer. The dereference operator (*) is used to access the value stored at a memory address.
    6. int value = *ptr; // Access the value at the memory address stored in ptr
  6. Dynamic Memory Allocation: In many programming tasks, you need to allocate memory dynamically during runtime. Functions like malloc (in C) or new (in C++) return pointers to the newly allocated memory. You use these pointers to access and manage the allocated memory.
    7. int* dynamicArray = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
  7. Understanding Pointer Arithmetic: When you perform arithmetic operations on pointers, you are adjusting the memory address they point to. For example, incrementing a pointer by one actually makes it point to the next memory location of the same data type.
    8. int* ptr2 = ptr + 1; // ptr2 points to the next integer in memory
  8. Memory Layout: Understanding memory addresses is essential for understanding how data is stored in memory, including the layout of variables, arrays, and structures. This knowledge is crucial for efficient memory management and data manipulation.
  9. Memory Safety: Properly managing memory addresses and pointers is crucial for memory safety. Mishandling pointers can lead to memory leaks, segmentation faults, and other bugs.

In summary, memory addresses are unique identifiers for locations in the computer's memory. Pointers are variables that store these addresses, allowing you to access and manipulate data in memory. Understanding memory addresses and pointers is fundamental for low-level programming and efficient memory management.

Previous
Next