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C - Mathematical Library Functions

The mathematical library functions in C are part of the standard C library and are declared in the <math.h> header file. These functions provide a wide range of mathematical operations and functions for performing calculations involving numbers. Here are some commonly used mathematical library functions in C:

1. Basic Mathematical Functions:
  • 'sqrt': Calculates the square root of a number. 
    
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
    double number = 25.0;
    double result = sqrt(number);
    printf("The square root of %lf is %lf.\n", number, result);
    return 0;
}

    Output: 

    
The square root of 25.000000 is 5.000000.
  • 'pow': Calculates the power of a number (exponentiation). 
    
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
    double base = 2.0;
    double exponent = 3.0;
    double result = pow(base, exponent);
    printf("%lf raised to the power of %lf is %lf.\n", base, exponent, result);
    return 0;
}

    Output: 

    
2.000000 raised to the power of 3.000000 is 8.000000.
2. Trigonometric Functions:
  • 'sin': Calculates the sine of an angle (in radians).
  • 'cos': Calculates the cosine of an angle (in radians).
  • 'tan': Calculates the tangent of an angle (in radians). 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
    double angle = 1.047; // 60 degrees in radians
    double sine = sin(angle);
    double cosine = cos(angle);
    double tangent = tan(angle);
    printf("sin(%lf) = %lf\n", angle, sine);
    printf("cos(%lf) = %lf\n", angle, cosine);
    printf("tan(%lf) = %lf\n", angle, tangent);
    return 0;
}

Output: 


sin(1.047000) = 0.866025
cos(1.047000) = 0.500000
tan(1.047000) = 1.732051
3. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions:
  • 'log': Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of a number.
  • 'exp': Calculates the exponential function e raised to a power. 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
    double x = 2.0;
    double log_result = log(x);
    double exp_result = exp(x);
    printf("log(%lf) = %lf\n", x, log_result);
    printf("exp(%lf) = %lf\n", x, exp_result);
    return 0;
}

Output: 


log(2.000000) = 0.693147
exp(2.000000) = 7.389056

These are just a few examples of the many mathematical library functions available in C. They provide a wide range of mathematical capabilities, making it easier to perform various mathematical calculations in C programs.

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