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C# - String Formatting

String formatting in C# allows you to create formatted strings by combining text with placeholders for variables or expressions. The string.Format method and string interpolation ($"{...}" syntax) are the two main approaches for string formatting in C#. Here's how to use both methods:

1. String.Format Method:

The 'string.Format' method takes a composite format string and a variable number of arguments. The format string contains placeholders represented by curly braces {} that are replaced by the corresponding arguments. 


string name = "John";
int age = 30;

string formattedMessage = string.Format("Hello, {0}! Your age is {1} years.", name, age);
Console.WriteLine(formattedMessage); // Output: "Hello, John! Your age is 30 years."

2. String Interpolation:

String interpolation is a more concise and expressive way of formatting strings. It allows you to embed expressions or variables directly within the string using the '$' symbol and curly braces '{}'. 


string name = "John";
int age = 30;

string interpolatedMessage = $"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.";
Console.WriteLine(interpolatedMessage); // Output: "Hello, John! You are 30 years old."

3. Formatting Numeric Values:

You can apply formatting options to numeric values in the placeholders to control their appearance, such as specifying the number of decimal places or using currency symbols. 


double price = 19.99;

string formattedPrice = string.Format("The price is: {0:C}", price);
Console.WriteLine(formattedPrice); // Output: "The price is: $19.99"

string formattedDecimal = string.Format("Value: {0:F2}", 123.456789);
Console.WriteLine(formattedDecimal); // Output: "Value: 123.46"

4. DateTime Formatting:

For formatting DateTime values, you can use custom format specifiers or predefined format strings. 


using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create a DateTime object representing a specific date and time
        DateTime myDateTime = new DateTime(2023, 11, 16, 15, 30, 0);

        // Use string.Format to format the DateTime
        string formattedDateTime = string.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}", myDateTime);

        Console.WriteLine("Formatted DateTime: " + formattedDateTime);
    }
}

In this example:

  1. We create a DateTime object named myDateTime representing a specific date and time (November 16, 2023, at 3:30 PM).
  2. We use string.Format to format the DateTime. Inside string.Format, we provide a format string {0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}.
  3. The format string {0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} specifies how the DateTime should be formatted. It formats the date as yyyy-MM-dd and the time as HH:mm:ss.
  4. The formatted DateTime is stored in the formattedDateTime variable and then printed to the console.

This demonstrates how to use string.Format to format a DateTime object with custom formatting in C#.

5. Composite Formatting:

Composite formatting allows you to apply format specifiers directly in the placeholders. 


int value = 42;
string formattedValue = string.Format("Value: {0:D5}", value);
Console.WriteLine(formattedValue); // Output: "Value: 00042"

Both string interpolation and string.Format can be powerful tools for creating well-formatted output in your C# applications. They make it easier to build complex strings by combining static text with dynamic values, and they offer a variety of formatting options to meet different requirements. Choose the method that suits your preference and the specific needs of your project.

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